Struct Plants

pub struct Plants {

    pub id: i32,
    pub unique_name: String,
    pub common_name_en: Option<Vec<Option<String>>>,
    pub common_name_de: Option<Vec<Option<String>>>,
    pub functions: Option<String>,
    pub shade: Option<Shade>,
    pub soil_texture: Option<Vec<Option<SoilTextureEnum>>>,
    pub herbaceous_or_woody: Option<HerbaceousOrWoody>,
    pub life_cycle: Option<Vec<Option<LifeCycle>>>,
    pub height: Option<i32>,
    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
    pub updated_at: NaiveDateTime,
    pub has_drought_tolerance: Option<bool>,
    pub hardiness_zone: Option<String>,
    pub light_requirement: Option<Vec<Option<LightRequirement>>>,
    pub water_requirement: Option<Vec<Option<WaterRequirementEnum>>>,
    pub edible: Option<bool>,
    pub edible_parts: Option<Vec<Option<String>>>,
    pub spread: Option<i32>,
    pub warning: Option<String>,
    pub version: Option<i16>,
    pub sowing_outdoors: Option<Vec<Option<i16>>>,
    pub harvest_time: Option<Vec<Option<i16>>>,
    pub rank: Option<TaxonomicRank>,
    pub family: Option<i32>,
    pub genus: Option<i32>,
    pub species: Option<i32>,
    pub variety: Option<i32>,
    pub icon_path: Option<String>,
}

The Plants entity builds up an hierarchical structure, see /doc/database/hierarchy.md:

Hierarchy

This document explains the hierarchy of the plant table. Please make sure that you already read the biology section of the glossary.

Introduction

The plant table contains entries of:

• concrete plants, or
• abstract plants (representants of ranks)

Concrete plants can be:

• dragged and dropped to the map and
• used as seed entry.

Abstract plants can be:

• used to inherit attributes.

A concrete plant can be one of the following ranks:

• on species level, or
• on variety level, or
• on cultivar level.

Furthermore, the following must be true:

• a genus is below a family,
• specie is below a genus,
• a variety is below specie,
• a cultivar is below to a specie or a variety

The diagram below shows the hierarchy of entities with height and width as an example of attribute classification.

classDiagram

  class Family:::abstract {
    +int height
    +int width
  }
  class Genus:::abstract {
    +int height
    +int width
  }
  class Species {
    +int height
    +int width
  }
  class Variety {
    +int height
    +int width
  }
  class Cultivar {
    +int height
    +int width
  }

  Variety <|-- Cultivar
  Species <|-- Cultivar
  Species <|-- Variety
  Genus <|-- Species
  Family <|-- Genus

Each of these entities can have their own attributes. E.g., a variety below specie can have different height than the specie itself.

Unique Name

In the database we have a column unique_name. The unique name is, either for abstract plants:

• single latin word to specify “family”, which always ends on: -aceae
• single latin word to specify “genus”

Or is built up by several words (for concrete plants):

• single latin word to specify “genus”
• single latin word to specify “specie”
• optional single latin word to specify “variety”
• optional several words in single quotes to specify “cultivar”, which starts with a capital letter

E.g. Brassica oleracea italica 'Ramoso calabrese'

Hybrid Names

Hybrid names are built up differently. Either two parent binomials, separated by an “x” or “×” or a given binomial, with or without an intercalated “×” (see Wikipedia). So the name does not necessarily say if a plant is a hybrid.

There is no special handling of hybrid names necessary, as the hybrid name is stored as the unique name in the database.

Displaying the Unique Name

The unique name of a plant should be displayed as follows:

• Latin name should be displayed in italics.
• The cultivar name should be in regular font, enclosed in single quotes (as stored in the database).

For example: Brassica oleracea italica ‘Ramoso calabrese’

The unique name alone usually is not displayed.

Displaying the Complete Name

The complete name of a plant should be displayed as follows:

• If there is a common name, the common name appears first and should start with a capital letter (e.g., “tomato” becomes “Tomato”).
• If it is a plant name from the seed database, the name continues with hyphen - and the additional name.
• This is followed by the unique name in brackets, unique name as described above in Unique Name.

The general format is:

Common name - additional name (unique name)

In cases where the common name is not available in the current language, it should be displayed as:

unique name - additional name

The cultivar is a part of the unique name.

For example (assuming Brassica oleracea italica doesn’t have a common name):

• Italian broccoli - violett (Brassica oleracea italica ‘Ramoso calabrese’)
• Italian broccoli - violett (Brassica oleracea italica)
• Italian broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica)
• Brassica oleracea italica ‘Ramoso calabrese’ - violett
• Brassica oleracea italica ‘Ramoso calabrese’
• Brassica oleracea italica - violett
• Brassica oleracea italica

Displaying the Short Name

The short name should be displayed as follows:

• Common name or, if common name is not available, the unique name as described above in Unique Name.
• If additional name is available, - and the additional name should be appended.

For example (assuming Abies mariesii and Brassica oleracea italica don’t have common names):

• Tomato - Gelbe Birne
• Abies mariesii
• Brassica oleracea italica ‘Ramoso calabrese’ - violett

Displaying the Group Name

The group name should be displayed as follows:

• Same format (short name/complete name) as a single plant.
• However, parts of the name should be omitted based on the hierarchy laid out in Introductions if that part or a part above it is not common among all grouped plants.

For example:

• two fully matching plants → full unique name and additional name is displayed
• two mostly matching plants (mismatched cultivar) → only cultivar is omitted
• two barely matching plants (matching family) → only family is displayed
• two distinct plants → no parts of the unique name or additional name are displayed

Usage of Plant Names

• The short name is for overviews, e.g., when you see all labels in the map editor at once (plant labels).
• The complete name should always be given if the user wants to know precisely which plant she is dealing with, e.g.:
  • when the mouse is hovering over a plant in the plant layer,
  • in search results or
  • in plant details (left bottom toolbar).
• The additional name must always be added if a plant is connected with a seed.
• The group name should always be given if information about multiple plants is grouped together, like e.g., the plant details.

Rules

We know about names (abstract and concrete, including hybrid):

• If it contains more than one word, it is a concrete plant.
• If it contains only one word, it is an abstract plant (family or genus).
• All entries with two words are specie (de: Art),
• All entries with three or more words are either:
  • variety (de: Varietät) if all is spelled italic, or
  • cultivar (de: Sorte) if the last part of the name (can be more than one word!) is not latin, not italic, is in ‘single quotes’
• All entries with a single x between the words are hybrid. We treat them like specie.

Inserting Relations

When inserting, family, genus, specie and variety must be treated in a way that they also include all entries below in the hierarchy. Important is that the processing is from most generic to most specific, so that specific entries overwrite generic entries.

Attributes

Columns are documented in their respective structs.

We prefer strongly typed data, e.g.:

• enums
• array of enums
• numbers

Columns that contain text should be suffixed with:

• _en for English text
• _de for German text

As we often copy data from other sources, we maintain the following columns for external references:

• external_source: an array from enum where the first entry is the “main source” the other columns refer to:
• external_id: an identifier of that source
• external_url: the URL from where the data was taken

Plants are additionally classified as:

• is_concrete_plant (is a concrete plant as opposite to an abstract plant)
• is_tree (as search help within the tree layer)

from Permapeople

The following columns are removed:

• environment (and its references)
• type and is_variety, as variety is now determined from the name (rank to be calculated from name, see above)
• wildflower
• plants_of_the_world_online_name_synonym (redundant to link)
• dutch_name, danish_name, french_name
• when_to_harvest
• propagation_cuttings
• alternate_scientific_name
• hortipedia
• invasive_in
• years_to_bear
• useful_tropical_plants
• thinning
• light_tolerance
• chill_hours, beef_tomato, invasive
• folder_name (at least in DB)
• native_climate_zones
• adapted_climate_zones
• propagation_direct_sowing

Other minor problems:

• fix Labiatae to be lamiaceae (family rank)
• Remove all “var.” from the database entries (staying with the three words).

from Reinsaat

Unique name:

• use Scientific name subheading together with name (as cultivar, see above) for our unique_name (Cucurbita ssp. from Scientific name kulturhinweise shouldn’t exist)
• Remove all occurrences of L., MIll., and var..
• Entries on Reinsaat that are spelled like “Brassica oleracea convar. botrytis var. italica” https://www.reinsaat.at/shop/EN/brassica/broccoli/limba/ exist in our database as “Brassica oleracea italica”. Add the Reinsaat entry to our database in a different row with the following nomenclature: Brassica oleracea italica ‘Limba’, with Brassica oleracea italica as parent, by following rules:
  • Remove the term “convar.” and its following word.
  • Remove the “ssp.” and its following word.
• The name maps to cultivar (de: Sorte), i.e., a rank below variety and is expressed in non-latin words, such as ‘Limba’. In our database, we want them:
  • back together in one name (the unique name, as described above) e.g., Brassica oleracea italica ‘Limba’ or Malus domestica ‘Gala’.
  • with a link to the variety, if present, otherwise species

Individual problems:

• Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus –> Daucus carota sativus
• Petroselinum crispum ssp. tuberosum –> Petroselinum crispum tuberosum
• Papaver somnif. var. paeonifl. –> Papaver somniferum paeoniflorum
• Alcea rosea fl. pl. –> Alcea rosea flore pleno
• Campanula lat. macr. –> Campanula latifolia macrantha
• Malva sylvestris ssp. maur. –> Malva sylvestris mauritiana
• Sonnenblume, Velvet Queen: None should be Helianthus annuus

Further Readings

• The Rationale is explained in this decision.

Fields

id: i32

• The internal id of the plant.
• Fill ratio: 100%

unique_name: String

• The unique name of the plant.
• The structure is described above (doc/database/hierarchy.md).
• Fill ratio: 100%

common_name_en: Option<Vec<Option<String>>>

• The list of the common names of the plant in English.
• Fetched from PracticalPlants and Permapeople.
• Fill ratio: 90%

common_name_de: Option<Vec<Option<String>>>

• The list of the common names of the plant in German.
• Fetched from Wikidata API if not present in any source datasets.
• Fill ratio: 25%

functions: Option<String>

• TODO: use in search (and attribute)
• Used for search ranking (diversity).
• ecological and environmental function of the plant, especially nitrogen fixer is relevant for PermaplanT.
• Fetched from PracticalPlants)
• Fill ratio: 13%

shade: Option<Shade>

• Shade tolerance of the plant, to be used together with light_requirement.
• Used in shade layer.
• For example a plant that has “no shade”, should get a warning if placed in a shade.
• No shade: full sun exposure
• Light shade: moderately shaded throughout the day
• Partial shade: about 3-6 hours of direct sunlight
• Permanent shade: less than 3 hours of direct sunlight
• Shade indicates the shade tolerance. Plants obviously grow better with better light conditions.
• Warnings should only show if a plant is moved into a too dark spot. No warning should be shown when moved into a lighter spot.
• Fetched from PracticalPlants.
• Fill ratio: 63%

soil_texture: Option<Vec<Option<SoilTextureEnum>>>

• See explanation in /doc/architecture/context.md
• Used in soil layer.
• Fetched from PracticalPlants and Permapeople (merged with soil_type of Permapeople).
• Fill ratio: 88%

herbaceous_or_woody: Option<HerbaceousOrWoody>

• TODO: use in attribute
• Only informational.
• Fetched from PracticalPlants
• informs about the plant physiology
• woody = grows woody parts
• herbaceous = doesn’t grow wood, shoots remain soft/green.
• Fill ratio: 26%

life_cycle: Option<Vec<Option<LifeCycle>>>

• Use in search and attribute
• Determines life span of the plant.
• Fetched from PracticalPlants and Permapeople (merged with life_cycle of Permapeople).
• Fill ratio: 68%

height: Option<i32>

• Only informational, is in rw attribute
• Fetched from PracticalPlants as mature_size_height and merged with Permapeople.
• informs about the maximum height that the plant gains in cm
• Fill ratio: 80%

created_at: NaiveDateTime

• Is readonly in attribute
• The creation date of the entry (actual time).
• Only for administration.
• Fill ratio: 100%

updated_at: NaiveDateTime

• Is readonly in attribute
• The last update date of the entry (actual time).
• Only for administration.
• Fill ratio: 100%

has_drought_tolerance: Option<bool>

• ! TODO: show in attributes and search (icon)
• Will be used in watering layer.
• Fetched from PracticalPlants and merged with has_drought_tolerance of Permapeople.
• Fill ratio: 57%

hardiness_zone: Option<String>

• TODO: show in search
• USDA Hardiness Zone (without subranges).
• Important information.
• Fetched from PracticalPlants and Permapeople (merged with usda_hardiness_zone of Permapeople).
• Fill ratio: 63%

light_requirement: Option<Vec<Option<LightRequirement>>>

• Shade tolerance of the plant, to be used together with shade.
• Used in shade layer.
• For example a plant that has “Full sun”, should get a warning if placed in a shade.
• Fetched from* PracticalPlants and Permapeople (merged with sun of PracticalPlants)
• Full sun: full sun exposure
• Partial sun/shade: about 3-6 hours of direct sunlight or moderately shaded throughout the day
• Full shade: less than 3 hours of direct sunlight or almost no sunlight/no direct sunlight
• Fill ratio: 88%

water_requirement: Option<Vec<Option<WaterRequirementEnum>>>

• Used in hydrology layer.
• Fetched from PracticalPlants and Permapeople (merged with water of PracticalPlants).
• water = completely aquatic;
• wet = drowned, (often) flooded or in general very moist, e.g. swamp;
• moist = humid, regular water supply, e.g. flat bed with humus;
• well drained = dry, little water input.
• Fill ratio: 88%

edible: Option<bool>

• TODO: use in search (and as attribute)
• Important information.
• Fetched from Permapeople.
• Fill ratio: 62%

edible_parts: Option<Vec<Option<String>>>

• TODO: use as attribute (translation in frontend)
• Only informational.
• Fetched from Permapeople.
• which organ of the plant can be eaten, e.g. root, leaves.
• Fill ratio: 61%

spread: Option<i32>

• Used
• How far a plant spreads (The ‘width’ of a plant) in cm
• Fetched from Permapeople.
• Fill ratio: 0.1%

warning: Option<String>

• TODO: use in search (and as attribute)
• Important information.
• Fetched from Permapeople.
• specific warnings for eather human, animal or environmental well-being, e.g. toxic, invasive.
• Fill ratio: 8%

version: Option<i16>

• TODO: add to attributes
• Only for administration.
• The version of the entry.
• To be incremented after every relevant change.
• Fetched from Permapeople.
• Fill ratio: 90%

sowing_outdoors: Option<Vec<Option<i16>>>

• TODO: use as attribute
• String array of numbers representing a time period.
• The year is divided into 24 periods of half a month each.
• For example “[8,9,10]” means from the 2nd half of April to the 2nd half of May incl.
• Fetched from Reinsaat
• Aussaat/ Pflanzung Freiland should be called sowing_outdoors
• Fill ratio: 5%

harvest_time: Option<Vec<Option<i16>>>

• TODO: use as attribute
• String array of numbers representing a time period.
• The year is divided into 24 periods of half a month each.
• For example “[8,9,10]” means from the 2nd half of April to the 2nd half of May incl.
• Ernte should be called harvest_time
• Fetched from Reinsaat
• Fill ratio: 6%

rank: Option<TaxonomicRank>

• Hierarchy fields
• Either Fetched from PracticalPlants and Permapeople
• Or determined from the unique name
• Or set by scraper overrides

family: Option<i32>

genus: Option<i32>

species: Option<i32>

variety: Option<i32>

icon_path: Option<String>

• The path to the icon of the plant.

Implementations

impl Plants

pub async fn search( search_query: &str, page_parameters: PageParameters, conn: &mut AsyncPgConnection, ) -> QueryResult<Page<PlantsSummaryDto>>

Get the top plants matching the search query.

Uses pg_trgm to find matches in unique_name, common_name_de, common_name_en and edible_uses_en. Ranks them using the pg_trgm function similarity().

Errors

• Unknown, diesel doesn’t say why it might error.

pub async fn find_any( page_parameters: PageParameters, conn: &mut AsyncPgConnection, ) -> QueryResult<Page<PlantsSummaryDto>>

Get a page of some plants.

Errors

• Unknown, diesel doesn’t say why it might error.

pub async fn find_by_id( id: i32, conn: &mut AsyncPgConnection, ) -> QueryResult<PlantsSummaryDto>

Fetch plant by id from the database.

Errors

• Unknown, diesel doesn’t say why it might error.

Trait Implementations

impl Debug for Plants

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl From<Plants> for PlantsSummaryDto

fn from(plants: Plants) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl HasTable for Plants

type Table = table

The table this type is associated with.

fn table() -> <Self as HasTable>::Table

Returns the table this type is associated with.

impl<'ident> Identifiable for &'ident Plants

type Id = &'ident i32

The type of this struct’s identifier.

fn id(self) -> <Self as Identifiable>::Id

Returns the identifier for this record.

impl<__DB: Backend, __ST0, __ST1, __ST2, __ST3, __ST4, __ST5, __ST6, __ST7, __ST8, __ST9, __ST10, __ST11, __ST12, __ST13, __ST14, __ST15, __ST16, __ST17, __ST18, __ST19, __ST20, __ST21, __ST22, __ST23, __ST24, __ST25, __ST26, __ST27, __ST28> Queryable<(__ST0, __ST1, __ST2, __ST3, __ST4, __ST5, __ST6, __ST7, __ST8, __ST9, __ST10, __ST11, __ST12, __ST13, __ST14, __ST15, __ST16, __ST17, __ST18, __ST19, __ST20, __ST21, __ST22, __ST23, __ST24, __ST25, __ST26, __ST27, __ST28), __DB> for Plants

where (i32, String, Option<Vec<Option<String>>>, Option<Vec<Option<String>>>, Option<String>, Option<Shade>, Option<Vec<Option<SoilTextureEnum>>>, Option<HerbaceousOrWoody>, Option<Vec<Option<LifeCycle>>>, Option<i32>, NaiveDateTime, NaiveDateTime, Option<bool>, Option<String>, Option<Vec<Option<LightRequirement>>>, Option<Vec<Option<WaterRequirementEnum>>>, Option<bool>, Option<Vec<Option<String>>>, Option<i32>, Option<String>, Option<i16>, Option<Vec<Option<i16>>>, Option<Vec<Option<i16>>>, Option<TaxonomicRank>, Option<i32>, Option<i32>, Option<i32>, Option<i32>, Option<String>): FromStaticSqlRow<(__ST0, __ST1, __ST2, __ST3, __ST4, __ST5, __ST6, __ST7, __ST8, __ST9, __ST10, __ST11, __ST12, __ST13, __ST14, __ST15, __ST16, __ST17, __ST18, __ST19, __ST20, __ST21, __ST22, __ST23, __ST24, __ST25, __ST26, __ST27, __ST28), __DB>,

type Row = (i32, String, Option<Vec<Option<String>>>, Option<Vec<Option<String>>>, Option<String>, Option<Shade>, Option<Vec<Option<SoilTextureEnum>>>, Option<HerbaceousOrWoody>, Option<Vec<Option<LifeCycle>>>, Option<i32>, NaiveDateTime, NaiveDateTime, Option<bool>, Option<String>, Option<Vec<Option<LightRequirement>>>, Option<Vec<Option<WaterRequirementEnum>>>, Option<bool>, Option<Vec<Option<String>>>, Option<i32>, Option<String>, Option<i16>, Option<Vec<Option<i16>>>, Option<Vec<Option<i16>>>, Option<TaxonomicRank>, Option<i32>, Option<i32>, Option<i32>, Option<i32>, Option<String>)

The Rust type you’d like to map from.

fn build( row: (i32, String, Option<Vec<Option<String>>>, Option<Vec<Option<String>>>, Option<String>, Option<Shade>, Option<Vec<Option<SoilTextureEnum>>>, Option<HerbaceousOrWoody>, Option<Vec<Option<LifeCycle>>>, Option<i32>, NaiveDateTime, NaiveDateTime, Option<bool>, Option<String>, Option<Vec<Option<LightRequirement>>>, Option<Vec<Option<WaterRequirementEnum>>>, Option<bool>, Option<Vec<Option<String>>>, Option<i32>, Option<String>, Option<i16>, Option<Vec<Option<i16>>>, Option<Vec<Option<i16>>>, Option<TaxonomicRank>, Option<i32>, Option<i32>, Option<i32>, Option<i32>, Option<String>), ) -> Result<Self>

Construct an instance of this type

impl<__DB: Backend> QueryableByName<__DB> for Plants

where i32: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<id>, __DB>, String: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<unique_name>, __DB>, Option<Vec<Option<String>>>: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<common_name_en>, __DB> + FromSql<SqlTypeOf<common_name_de>, __DB> + FromSql<SqlTypeOf<edible_parts>, __DB>, Option<String>: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<functions>, __DB> + FromSql<SqlTypeOf<hardiness_zone>, __DB> + FromSql<SqlTypeOf<warning>, __DB> + FromSql<SqlTypeOf<icon_path>, __DB>, Option<Shade>: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<shade>, __DB>, Option<Vec<Option<SoilTextureEnum>>>: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<soil_texture>, __DB>, Option<HerbaceousOrWoody>: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<herbaceous_or_woody>, __DB>, Option<Vec<Option<LifeCycle>>>: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<life_cycle>, __DB>, Option<i32>: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<height>, __DB> + FromSql<SqlTypeOf<spread>, __DB> + FromSql<SqlTypeOf<family>, __DB> + FromSql<SqlTypeOf<genus>, __DB> + FromSql<SqlTypeOf<species>, __DB> + FromSql<SqlTypeOf<variety>, __DB>, NaiveDateTime: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<created_at>, __DB> + FromSql<SqlTypeOf<updated_at>, __DB>, Option<bool>: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<has_drought_tolerance>, __DB> + FromSql<SqlTypeOf<edible>, __DB>, Option<Vec<Option<LightRequirement>>>: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<light_requirement>, __DB>, Option<Vec<Option<WaterRequirementEnum>>>: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<water_requirement>, __DB>, Option<i16>: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<version>, __DB>, Option<Vec<Option<i16>>>: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<sowing_outdoors>, __DB> + FromSql<SqlTypeOf<harvest_time>, __DB>, Option<TaxonomicRank>: FromSql<SqlTypeOf<rank>, __DB>,

fn build<'__a>(row: &impl NamedRow<'__a, __DB>) -> Result<Self>

Construct an instance of Self from the database row