Trait futures_util::sink::Sink

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pub trait Sink<Item> {
    type Error;

    // Required methods
    fn poll_ready(
        self: Pin<&mut Self>,
        cx: &mut Context<'_>,
    ) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>>;
    fn start_send(self: Pin<&mut Self>, item: Item) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
    fn poll_flush(
        self: Pin<&mut Self>,
        cx: &mut Context<'_>,
    ) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>>;
    fn poll_close(
        self: Pin<&mut Self>,
        cx: &mut Context<'_>,
    ) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>>;
}
Expand description

A Sink is a value into which other values can be sent, asynchronously.

Basic examples of sinks include the sending side of:

  • Channels
  • Sockets
  • Pipes

In addition to such “primitive” sinks, it’s typical to layer additional functionality, such as buffering, on top of an existing sink.

Sending to a sink is “asynchronous” in the sense that the value may not be sent in its entirety immediately. Instead, values are sent in a two-phase way: first by initiating a send, and then by polling for completion. This two-phase setup is analogous to buffered writing in synchronous code, where writes often succeed immediately, but internally are buffered and are actually written only upon flushing.

In addition, the Sink may be full, in which case it is not even possible to start the sending process.

As with Future and Stream, the Sink trait is built from a few core required methods, and a host of default methods for working in a higher-level way. The Sink::send_all combinator is of particular importance: you can use it to send an entire stream to a sink, which is the simplest way to ultimately consume a stream.

Required Associated Types§

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type Error

The type of value produced by the sink when an error occurs.

Required Methods§

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fn poll_ready( self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>>

Attempts to prepare the Sink to receive a value.

This method must be called and return Poll::Ready(Ok(())) prior to each call to start_send.

This method returns Poll::Ready once the underlying sink is ready to receive data. If this method returns Poll::Pending, the current task is registered to be notified (via cx.waker().wake_by_ref()) when poll_ready should be called again.

In most cases, if the sink encounters an error, the sink will permanently be unable to receive items.

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fn start_send(self: Pin<&mut Self>, item: Item) -> Result<(), Self::Error>

Begin the process of sending a value to the sink. Each call to this function must be preceded by a successful call to poll_ready which returned Poll::Ready(Ok(())).

As the name suggests, this method only begins the process of sending the item. If the sink employs buffering, the item isn’t fully processed until the buffer is fully flushed. Since sinks are designed to work with asynchronous I/O, the process of actually writing out the data to an underlying object takes place asynchronously. You must use poll_flush or poll_close in order to guarantee completion of a send.

Implementations of poll_ready and start_send will usually involve flushing behind the scenes in order to make room for new messages. It is only necessary to call poll_flush if you need to guarantee that all of the items placed into the Sink have been sent.

In most cases, if the sink encounters an error, the sink will permanently be unable to receive items.

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fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>>

Flush any remaining output from this sink.

Returns Poll::Ready(Ok(())) when no buffered items remain. If this value is returned then it is guaranteed that all previous values sent via start_send have been flushed.

Returns Poll::Pending if there is more work left to do, in which case the current task is scheduled (via cx.waker().wake_by_ref()) to wake up when poll_flush should be called again.

In most cases, if the sink encounters an error, the sink will permanently be unable to receive items.

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fn poll_close( self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>>

Flush any remaining output and close this sink, if necessary.

Returns Poll::Ready(Ok(())) when no buffered items remain and the sink has been successfully closed.

Returns Poll::Pending if there is more work left to do, in which case the current task is scheduled (via cx.waker().wake_by_ref()) to wake up when poll_close should be called again.

If this function encounters an error, the sink should be considered to have failed permanently, and no more Sink methods should be called.

Implementations on Foreign Types§

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impl<P, Item> Sink<Item> for Pin<P>
where P: DerefMut + Unpin, <P as Deref>::Target: Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <<P as Deref>::Target as Sink<Item>>::Error

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fn poll_ready( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <Pin<P> as Sink<Item>>::Error>>

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fn start_send( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, item: Item, ) -> Result<(), <Pin<P> as Sink<Item>>::Error>

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fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <Pin<P> as Sink<Item>>::Error>>

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fn poll_close( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <Pin<P> as Sink<Item>>::Error>>

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impl<S, Item> Sink<Item> for &mut S
where S: Sink<Item> + Unpin + ?Sized,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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fn poll_ready( self: Pin<&mut &mut S>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <&mut S as Sink<Item>>::Error>>

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fn start_send( self: Pin<&mut &mut S>, item: Item, ) -> Result<(), <&mut S as Sink<Item>>::Error>

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fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut &mut S>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <&mut S as Sink<Item>>::Error>>

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fn poll_close( self: Pin<&mut &mut S>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <&mut S as Sink<Item>>::Error>>

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impl<S, Item> Sink<Item> for Box<S>
where S: Sink<Item> + Unpin + ?Sized,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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fn poll_ready( self: Pin<&mut Box<S>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <Box<S> as Sink<Item>>::Error>>

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fn start_send( self: Pin<&mut Box<S>>, item: Item, ) -> Result<(), <Box<S> as Sink<Item>>::Error>

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fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut Box<S>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <Box<S> as Sink<Item>>::Error>>

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fn poll_close( self: Pin<&mut Box<S>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <Box<S> as Sink<Item>>::Error>>

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impl<T> Sink<T> for &UnboundedSender<T>

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type Error = SendError

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fn poll_ready( self: Pin<&mut &UnboundedSender<T>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <&UnboundedSender<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>>

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fn start_send( self: Pin<&mut &UnboundedSender<T>>, msg: T, ) -> Result<(), <&UnboundedSender<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>

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fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut &UnboundedSender<T>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <&UnboundedSender<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>>

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fn poll_close( self: Pin<&mut &UnboundedSender<T>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <&UnboundedSender<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>>

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impl<T> Sink<T> for Sender<T>

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type Error = SendError

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fn poll_ready( self: Pin<&mut Sender<T>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <Sender<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>>

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fn start_send( self: Pin<&mut Sender<T>>, msg: T, ) -> Result<(), <Sender<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>

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fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut Sender<T>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <Sender<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>>

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fn poll_close( self: Pin<&mut Sender<T>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <Sender<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>>

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impl<T> Sink<T> for UnboundedSender<T>

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type Error = SendError

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fn poll_ready( self: Pin<&mut UnboundedSender<T>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <UnboundedSender<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>>

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fn start_send( self: Pin<&mut UnboundedSender<T>>, msg: T, ) -> Result<(), <UnboundedSender<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>

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fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut UnboundedSender<T>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <UnboundedSender<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>>

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fn poll_close( self: Pin<&mut UnboundedSender<T>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <UnboundedSender<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>>

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impl<T> Sink<T> for VecDeque<T>

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type Error = Infallible

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fn poll_ready( self: Pin<&mut VecDeque<T>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <VecDeque<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>>

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fn start_send( self: Pin<&mut VecDeque<T>>, item: T, ) -> Result<(), <VecDeque<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>

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fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut VecDeque<T>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <VecDeque<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>>

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fn poll_close( self: Pin<&mut VecDeque<T>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <VecDeque<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>>

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impl<T> Sink<T> for Vec<T>

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type Error = Infallible

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fn poll_ready( self: Pin<&mut Vec<T>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <Vec<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>>

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fn start_send( self: Pin<&mut Vec<T>>, item: T, ) -> Result<(), <Vec<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>

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fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut Vec<T>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <Vec<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>>

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fn poll_close( self: Pin<&mut Vec<T>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Result<(), <Vec<T> as Sink<T>>::Error>>

Implementors§

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impl<A, B, Item> Sink<Item> for Either<A, B>
where A: Sink<Item>, B: Sink<Item, Error = A::Error>,

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type Error = <A as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Fut, F, Item> Sink<Item> for AndThen<S, Fut, F>
where S: Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Fut, F, Item> Sink<Item> for Filter<S, Fut, F>
where S: Stream + Sink<Item>, F: FnMut(&S::Item) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = bool>,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Fut, F, Item> Sink<Item> for FilterMap<S, Fut, F>
where S: Stream + Sink<Item>, F: FnMut1<S::Item, Output = Fut>, Fut: Future,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Fut, F, Item> Sink<Item> for OrElse<S, Fut, F>
where S: Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Fut, F, Item> Sink<Item> for SkipWhile<S, Fut, F>
where S: Stream + Sink<Item>, F: FnMut(&S::Item) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = bool>,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Fut, F, Item> Sink<Item> for TakeWhile<S, Fut, F>
where S: Stream + Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Fut, F, Item> Sink<Item> for Then<S, Fut, F>
where S: Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Fut, F, Item> Sink<Item> for TryFilterMap<S, Fut, F>
where S: Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Fut, F, Item, E> Sink<Item> for TryFilter<S, Fut, F>
where S: TryStream + Sink<Item, Error = E>,

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type Error = E

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impl<S, Fut, F, Item, E> Sink<Item> for TrySkipWhile<S, Fut, F>
where S: TryStream + Sink<Item, Error = E>,

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type Error = E

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impl<S, Fut, F, Item, E> Sink<Item> for TryTakeWhile<S, Fut, F>
where S: TryStream + Sink<Item, Error = E>,

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type Error = E

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impl<S, Fut, Item> Sink<Item> for TakeUntil<S, Fut>
where S: Stream + Sink<Item>, Fut: Future,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Item> Sink<Item> for BufferUnordered<S>
where S: Stream + Sink<Item>, S::Item: Future,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Item> Sink<Item> for Buffered<S>
where S: Stream + Sink<Item>, S::Item: Future,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Item> Sink<Item> for Chunks<S>
where S: Stream + Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Item> Sink<Item> for Enumerate<S>
where S: Stream + Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Item> Sink<Item> for Peekable<S>
where S: Sink<Item> + Stream,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Item> Sink<Item> for ReadyChunks<S>
where S: Stream + Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Item> Sink<Item> for Skip<S>
where S: Stream + Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Item> Sink<Item> for Take<S>
where S: Stream + Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Item> Sink<Item> for TryChunks<S>
where S: TryStream + Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Item> Sink<Item> for TryFlatten<S>
where S: TryStream + Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Item> Sink<Item> for TryReadyChunks<S>
where S: TryStream + Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S, Item, E> Sink<Item> for TryBufferUnordered<S>
where S: TryStream + Sink<Item, Error = E>, S::Ok: TryFuture<Error = E>,

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type Error = E

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impl<S, Item, E> Sink<Item> for TryBuffered<S>
where S: TryStream + Sink<Item, Error = E>, S::Ok: TryFuture<Error = E>,

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type Error = E

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impl<S: Stream + Sink<Item>, Item> Sink<Item> for Fuse<S>

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S: Sink<Item>, Item> Sink<Item> for IntoStream<S>

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<S: Sink<Item>, Item> Sink<Item> for SplitSink<S, Item>

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type Error = <S as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<Si1, Si2, Item> Sink<Item> for Fanout<Si1, Si2>
where Si1: Sink<Item>, Item: Clone, Si2: Sink<Item, Error = Si1::Error>,

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type Error = <Si1 as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<Si, F, E, Item> Sink<Item> for SinkMapErr<Si, F>
where Si: Sink<Item>, F: FnOnce(Si::Error) -> E,

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type Error = E

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impl<Si, Item, E> Sink<Item> for SinkErrInto<Si, Item, E>
where Si: Sink<Item>, Si::Error: Into<E>,

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type Error = E

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impl<Si, Item, U, Fut, F, E> Sink<U> for With<Si, Item, U, Fut, F>
where Si: Sink<Item>, F: FnMut(U) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = Result<Item, E>>, E: From<Si::Error>,

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type Error = E

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impl<Si, Item, U, St, F> Sink<U> for WithFlatMap<Si, Item, U, St, F>
where Si: Sink<Item>, F: FnMut(U) -> St, St: Stream<Item = Result<Item, Si::Error>>,

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type Error = <Si as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<Si: Sink<Item>, Item> Sink<Item> for Buffer<Si, Item>

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type Error = <Si as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<St, F, Item> Sink<Item> for Map<St, F>
where St: Stream + Sink<Item>, F: FnMut1<St::Item>,

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type Error = <St as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<St, S, Fut, F, Item> Sink<Item> for Scan<St, S, Fut, F>
where St: Stream + Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <St as Sink<Item>>::Error

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impl<T> Sink<T> for Drain<T>

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impl<T, F, R, Item, E> Sink<Item> for Unfold<T, F, R>
where F: FnMut(T, Item) -> R, R: Future<Output = Result<T, E>>,

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type Error = E

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impl<W: AsyncWrite, Item: AsRef<[u8]>> Sink<Item> for IntoSink<W, Item>

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type Error = Error

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impl<_Item, F> Sink<_Item> for FlattenStream<F>
where Flatten<F, <F as Future>::Output>: Sink<_Item>, F: Future,

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type Error = <Flatten<F, <F as Future>::Output> as Sink<_Item>>::Error

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impl<_Item, Fut> Sink<_Item> for TryFlattenStream<Fut>
where TryFlatten<Fut, Fut::Ok>: Sink<_Item>, Fut: TryFuture,

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type Error = <TryFlatten<Fut, <Fut as TryFuture>::Ok> as Sink<_Item>>::Error

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impl<_Item, Fut, Si> Sink<_Item> for FlattenSink<Fut, Si>
where TryFlatten<Fut, Si>: Sink<_Item>,

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type Error = <TryFlatten<Fut, Si> as Sink<_Item>>::Error

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impl<_Item, St> Sink<_Item> for Flatten<St>
where Flatten<St, St::Item>: Sink<_Item>, St: Stream,

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type Error = <Flatten<St, <St as Stream>::Item> as Sink<_Item>>::Error

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impl<_Item, St> Sink<_Item> for TryFlattenUnordered<St>
where FlattenUnorderedWithFlowController<NestedTryStreamIntoEitherTryStream<St>, PropagateBaseStreamError<St>>: Sink<_Item>, St: TryStream, St::Ok: TryStream + Unpin, <St::Ok as TryStream>::Error: From<St::Error>,

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type Error = <FlattenUnorderedWithFlowController<NestedTryStreamIntoEitherTryStream<St>, PropagateBaseStreamError<St>> as Sink<_Item>>::Error

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impl<_Item, St, E> Sink<_Item> for ErrInto<St, E>
where MapErr<St, IntoFn<E>>: Sink<_Item>,

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type Error = <MapErr<St, IntoFn<E>> as Sink<_Item>>::Error

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impl<_Item, St, F> Sink<_Item> for Inspect<St, F>
where Map<St, InspectFn<F>>: Sink<_Item>,

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type Error = <Map<St, InspectFn<F>> as Sink<_Item>>::Error

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impl<_Item, St, F> Sink<_Item> for InspectErr<St, F>
where Inspect<IntoStream<St>, InspectErrFn<F>>: Sink<_Item>,

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type Error = <Inspect<IntoStream<St>, InspectErrFn<F>> as Sink<_Item>>::Error

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impl<_Item, St, F> Sink<_Item> for InspectOk<St, F>
where Inspect<IntoStream<St>, InspectOkFn<F>>: Sink<_Item>,

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type Error = <Inspect<IntoStream<St>, InspectOkFn<F>> as Sink<_Item>>::Error

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impl<_Item, St, F> Sink<_Item> for MapErr<St, F>
where Map<IntoStream<St>, MapErrFn<F>>: Sink<_Item>,

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type Error = <Map<IntoStream<St>, MapErrFn<F>> as Sink<_Item>>::Error

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impl<_Item, St, F> Sink<_Item> for MapOk<St, F>
where Map<IntoStream<St>, MapOkFn<F>>: Sink<_Item>,

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type Error = <Map<IntoStream<St>, MapOkFn<F>> as Sink<_Item>>::Error

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impl<_Item, St, U, F> Sink<_Item> for FlatMap<St, U, F>
where Flatten<Map<St, F>, U>: Sink<_Item>,

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type Error = <Flatten<Map<St, F>, U> as Sink<_Item>>::Error

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impl<_Item, St, U, F> Sink<_Item> for FlatMapUnordered<St, U, F>
where FlattenUnordered<Map<St, F>>: Sink<_Item>, St: Stream, U: Stream + Unpin, F: FnMut(St::Item) -> U,

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type Error = <FlattenUnorderedWithFlowController<Map<St, F>, ()> as Sink<_Item>>::Error