pub trait ToSql<A, DB: Backend>: Debug {
// Required method
fn to_sql<'b>(&'b self, out: &mut Output<'b, '_, DB>) -> Result;
}
Expand description
Serializes a single value to be sent to the database.
The output is sent as a bind parameter, and the data must be written in the expected format for the given backend.
When possible, implementations of this trait should prefer using an existing
implementation, rather than writing to out
directly. (For example, if you
are implementing this for an enum, which is represented as an integer in the
database, you should use i32::to_sql(x, out)
instead of writing to out
yourself.)
Any types which implement this trait should also
#[derive(AsExpression)]
.
§Backend specific details
- For PostgreSQL, the bytes will be sent using the binary protocol, not text.
- For SQLite, all implementations should be written in terms of an existing
ToSql
implementation. - For MySQL, the expected bytes will depend on the return value of
type_metadata
for the given SQL type. SeeMysqlType
for details. - For third party backends, consult that backend’s documentation.
§Examples
Most implementations of this trait will be defined in terms of an existing implementation.
#[repr(i32)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, AsExpression)]
#[diesel(sql_type = Integer)]
pub enum MyEnum {
A = 1,
B = 2,
}
impl<DB> ToSql<Integer, DB> for MyEnum
where
DB: Backend,
i32: ToSql<Integer, DB>,
{
fn to_sql<'b>(&'b self, out: &mut Output<'b, '_, DB>) -> serialize::Result {
match self {
MyEnum::A => 1.to_sql(out),
MyEnum::B => 2.to_sql(out),
}
}
}
Using temporary values as part of the ToSql
implemenation requires additional
work.
Backends using RawBytesBindCollector
as BindCollector
copy the serialized values as part
of Write
implementation. This includes the Mysql
and the Pg
backend provided by diesel.
This means existing ToSql
implemenations can be used even with
temporary values. For these it is required to call
Output::reborrow
to shorten the lifetime of the Output
type correspondenly.
#[repr(i32)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, AsExpression)]
#[diesel(sql_type = Integer)]
pub enum MyEnum {
A = 1,
B = 2,
}
impl ToSql<Integer, diesel::pg::Pg> for MyEnum
where
i32: ToSql<Integer, diesel::pg::Pg>,
{
fn to_sql<'b>(&'b self, out: &mut Output<'b, '_, diesel::pg::Pg>) -> serialize::Result {
let v = *self as i32;
<i32 as ToSql<Integer, diesel::pg::Pg>>::to_sql(&v, &mut out.reborrow())
}
}
For any other backend the Output::set_value
method provides a way to
set the output value directly. Checkout the documentation of the corresponding
BindCollector::Buffer
type for provided From<T>
implementations for a list
of accepted types. For the Sqlite
backend see SqliteBindValue
.
#[repr(i32)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, AsExpression)]
#[diesel(sql_type = Integer)]
pub enum MyEnum {
A = 1,
B = 2,
}
impl ToSql<Integer, diesel::sqlite::Sqlite> for MyEnum
where
i32: ToSql<Integer, diesel::sqlite::Sqlite>,
{
fn to_sql<'b>(&'b self, out: &mut Output<'b, '_, diesel::sqlite::Sqlite>) -> serialize::Result {
out.set_value(*self as i32);
Ok(IsNull::No)
}
}